Size at hatching determines population dynamics and response to harvesting in cannibalistic fish
نویسندگان
چکیده
We hypothesize that size at hatching strongly affects population dynamics of cannibalistic fish species and is a crucial determinant of how populations respond to selective removal of large individuals (harvesting). We use a mechanistic mathematical model to study the relation between hatching size and response to harvesting mortality, using Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) as a model organism. We show how hatching size determines dynamics through its effect on the relative strength of cannibalistic mortality and resource competition as mechanisms of population regulation. In populations with intermediate and large hatching size, cannibalistic mortality is an important determinant of population dynamics, and harvesting destabilizes population dynamics. When hatching size is small, population stability is less sensitive to this type of harvesting. Populations hatching at small size are regulated by competition, and harvesting large individuals affects such populations less. Harvesting can also induce the growth of very large individuals, absent in unharvested populations. Our results show that harvesting in cannibalistic lake fish populations can strongly alter population dynamics in ways that can only be anticipated on the basis of mechanistic knowledge about how populations are regulated. Résumé : Nous avançons l’hypothèse selon laquelle la taille à l’éclosion affecte fortement la dynamique de population des espèces cannibales de poissons et qu’elle est un facteur déterminant essentiel de la réaction de la population au retrait sélectif (par récolte) des individus de grande taille. Nous utilisons un modèle mathématique mécaniste pour étudier la relation entre la taille à l’éclosion et la réaction à la mortalité due à la récolte chez la perche eurasienne (Perca fluviatilis) qui nous sert d’organisme modèle. Nous montrons comment la taille à l’éclosion détermine la dynamique à travers son effet sur la force relative de la mortalité due au cannibalisme et sur la compétition pour les ressources qui sont les mécanismes de régulation de la population. Chez les populations qui ont une taille moyenne ou grande à l’éclosion, la mortalité due au cannibalisme est un facteur déterminant important de la dynamique de population et la récolte déstabilise la dynamique de population. Lorsque la taille à l’éclosion est faible, la stabilité de la population est moins sensible à ce type de récolte. Les populations qui éclosent à une petite taille sont contrôlées par la compétition et la récolte de grands individus affecte moins de telles populations. La récolte peut aussi favoriser la croissance de très grands individus qui sont absents des populations non exploitées. Nos résultats montrent que la récolte faite dans des populations lacustres de poissons cannibales peut fortement modifier la dynamique de population dans des directions qui ne peuvent être prévues que d’après des connaissances mécanistes de la régulation des populations. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
Dwarfs and Giants: Cannibalism and Competition in Size-Structured Populations.
Cannibals and their victims often share common resources and thus potentially compete. Smaller individuals are often competitively superior to larger ones because of size-dependent scaling of foraging and metabolic rates, while larger ones may use cannibalism to counter this competition. We study the interplay between cannibalism and competition using a size-structured population model in which...
متن کاملModelling Size-Dependent Cannibalism in Barramundi Lates calcarifer: Cannibalistic Polyphenism and Its Implication to Aquaculture
This study quantified size-dependent cannibalism in barramundi Lates calcarifer through coupling a range of prey-predator pairs in a different range of fish sizes. Predictive models were developed using morphological traits with the alterative assumption of cannibalistic polyphenism. Predictive models were validated with the data from trials where cannibals were challenged with progressing incr...
متن کاملAn existence results on positive solutions for a reaction-diffusion model with logistics growth and indefinite weight
In this paper, using sub-supersolution argument, we prove an existence result on positive solution for an ecological model under certain conditions. It also describes the dynamics of the fish population with natural predation and constant yield harvesting. The assumptions are that the ecosystem is spatially homogeneous and the herbivore density is a constant which are valid assumptions for mana...
متن کاملEvaluation of LHRH-a acute release implantation on final maturation and spawning in not-fully matured broodstocks of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897)
The Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian Sea and provides the highest Iranian caviar production. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions of the natural reproductive habitats, the fish stocks is decreasing. The immature breeders do not response to hormonal therapy at the sturgeon hatcheries as most having PI...
متن کاملEgg production and larval rearing of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) using reared broodstocks in Hormozgan Province , Iran
Egg production of cultivated broodstocks of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides and larvae rearing were surveyed in Iran from 2008 to 2012. . Broodstocks were obtained by rearing of 7 wild juveniles (587.57 ± 132.63 g body weight) which were caught from the north of Persian Gulf in October 2008 and reared to December 2012.. Captured juvenile fishes were fed using defrosted trash fish a...
متن کامل